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{"id":4699,"date":"2020-01-21T06:54:21","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=4699"},"modified":"2020-01-21T06:58:24","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:58:24","slug":"ummi-peygamber-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/ummi-peygamber-7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcmmi Peygamber (7)"},"content":{"rendered":"\nYORUM | AHMET KURUCAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nHz. Peygamber\u2019in \u00fcmmili\u011fini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu yaz\u0131 dizisinde s\u0131ra Hudeybiye anla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d kayd\u0131n\u0131 silmesi i\u00e7in Hz. Ali\u2019ye o c\u00fcmlenin yerini g\u00f6stermesini istedi\u011fi rivayete geldi. Hadise Hudeybiye\u2019de Mekke m\u00fc\u015frikleri ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fman\u0131n kayda al\u0131nmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ge\u00e7er. Hz. Ali anla\u015fma metnini kaleme alan ki\u015fidir. Metnin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda yer alan giri\u015f c\u00fcmlelerinden ikisine m\u00fc\u015frikler itiraz ederler. <\/strong>\u0130lki \u201cRahman ve Rahim olan Allah\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131yla\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin silinip cahiliye d\u00f6neminde bilinen \u015fekliyle \u201cbismikellahumme\u201d diye yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeleridir. Efendimiz mana ve muhteva a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n inan\u00e7 ve akidelerine muhalif olmayan bu itiraz\u0131 kabullenerek \u201cbesmele\u201d yerine \u201cbismikellahumme\u201d yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ister.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130kinci itiraz; \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isi, resul\u00fc, peygamberi\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131na yap\u0131lan itirazd\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015frikler itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n Resul\u00fc oldu\u011funu kabul etseydik, sana tabii olurduk. Bunun yerine Muhammed b. Abdullah\u201d yaz\u0131ls\u0131n <\/strong>demi\u015flerdir. Hz. Peygamberin kabul etti\u011fi bu itiraz\u0131 anla\u015fma katibi Hz. Ali uygulamaya koymaz ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ibareyi silmeyi kabul etmedi\u011fini beyan eder. Ne m\u00fc\u015friklerin iki noktadaki itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 ne de Hz. Ali\u2019nin \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resullullah kayd\u0131n\u0131 silmem\u201d demesini problem etmeyen<\/strong> Peygamber Efendimiz Hz. Ali\u2019ye \u201cbana onun yerini g\u00f6ster\u201d der ve kendi eliyle \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d ibaresini silip yerine \u201cMuhammed b. Abdullah\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u00fcmleyi kasten yar\u0131m b\u0131rakt\u0131m. C\u00fcmlenin devam\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u015fekilde olabilir. Bir: \u201cMuhammed b. Abdullah yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d \u0130ki: \u201cMuhammed b Abdullah yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d \u00dc\u00e7: anla\u015fma katibi Hz. Ali itiraz\u0131na ra\u011fmen Muhammed b. Abdullah yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcnden ba\u015flayal\u0131m; Hz. Ali m\u00fc\u015friklerin itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyip \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d ibaresini hem de Efendimizin telkini ya da emrine ra\u011fmen silmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda onun Muhammed b. Abdullah yazmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Zaten bunu s\u00f6yleyen hi\u00e7bir rivayet yok. \u0130kincisi \u201cMuhammed b. Abdullah yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Bu olabilir ama kim bunu yazan? Bu konuda Hz. Ali yerine ge\u00e7en bir katipten s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini bilmiyoruz. Birinci rivayete gelince \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d ibaresini kendi elleriyle silen Hz. Peygamber Muhammad b. Abdullah yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130yi ama okuma yazma bilmeyen (\u00fcmmi) ve bana \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d ibaresinin yerini g\u00f6sterin diyen bir insan bunu nas\u0131l yazacak?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBera hadisi\u201d diye de literat\u00fcrde me\u015fhur olan Hudeybiye sulhunun uzunca anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Buhar\u0131 rivayetinde bu mesele anlat\u0131l\u0131rken Muhammed b. Abdullah kayd\u0131n\u0131 anla\u015fmaya yazan ki\u015finin bizatihi Hz. Peygamber oldu\u011fu dile getirilir ve ara bir c\u00fcmle ile \u015fu denir: \u201cyazmas\u0131 iyi de\u011fildi.\u201d Buhari\u2019deki ibarenin lafzi terc\u00fcmesi aynen \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201cHz. Peygamber anla\u015fma metnini eline ald\u0131 -yazmas\u0131 iyi de\u011fildi- ve \u201cBu metin Abdullah\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Muhammedin kabul etti\u011fi anla\u015fmad\u0131r\u201d diye yazd\u0131.\u201d (Buhari, Sulh, 6; Megaz\u00ee, 43)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nZahiri mana alabildi\u011fine net ve a\u00e7\u0131k; Muhammed b. Abdullah ibaresini yazan Hz.Peygamber\u2019dir (sas). Ne hadiseye \u015fahit olanlar ne de bu hadislere erken d\u00f6nemlerde \u015ferh yapan ki\u015filerin garipsemedi\u011fi, muhalif bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce beyan etmedi\u011fi bu mesele ilerleyen zamanlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131klamalara konu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ne deniliyor bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda? Birincisi; burada \u201cyazd\u0131\u201d demek \u201cyazd\u0131rd\u0131\u201d demektir. Nitekim \u201cHz. Peygamber Habe\u015f kral\u0131na mektup yazd\u0131\u201d dedi\u011fimizde kastedilen mana o mektubu bizatihi kendi eliyle yazmas\u0131 de\u011fil katiplerine yazd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci izah ise, Muhammed b. Abdullah yazan Hz. Peygamberdir. Okuma yazma bilmeyen birisinin bunu yazmas\u0131 mucizedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eahsen ben bu ve benzeri izahlar\u0131 \u00e7ok tekell\u00fcfl\u00fc yorumlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Her ikisi de Hz. Peygamberin okuma yazma bilmedi\u011fi \u00f6n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn -isterseniz inanc\u0131 diyebilirsiniz- izlerini \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131yor. Hele ikinci yorumu kutsaman\u0131n engel tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak nitelendiriyorum.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130ki \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131da ifade ettim; yeri gelmi\u015fken bir kez daha yazay\u0131m okur yazar olmaman\u0131n modern d\u00fcnyada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan hareketle Hz. Peygamberi rivayetleri zorlayarak okur yazma yapma gibi ne bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncem ne de gayretim var. Hakikat a\u015fk\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ruhu ile hareket ederek elimizdeki mevcut rivayetlerden hareketle baz\u0131 yorumlar yap\u0131yorum. <\/strong>Velev ki bu yorumlar hakim kanaatin aksine de olsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBurada \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir yorum olarak \u015fu da s\u00f6ylenebilir; Muhammed b. Abdullah yazmas\u0131 onun okuma yazma bildi\u011finin delili olamaz. Efendimiz gibi zeki bir insan \u00fc\u00e7 kelimeyi yani Muhammed ibni Abdullah -ki bunlar kendi ve babas\u0131n\u0131n ismidir- yazacak kadar yazma bilmi\u015f olamaz m\u0131? Ni\u00e7in olmas\u0131n? Elbette olabilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nS\u00f6z\u00fcn geldi\u011fi bu a\u015famada \u0130slam tarihine vak\u0131f olan hemen herkesin bildi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka rivayeti k\u0131saca ele alal\u0131m; Efendimiz (sas) malum vefat etti\u011fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda \u201ck\u0131rtas hadisi\u201d denilen rivayette \u201cbana bir kalem ka\u011f\u0131t getirin, benden sonra yolunuzu \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131p da birbirinize d\u00fc\u015fmemeniz i\u00e7in sizlere bir vasiyet yazay\u0131m\u201d <\/strong>demi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine o esnada Efendimizin ba\u015f\u0131na bulunan insanlar kendi aralar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmaya durmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kimisi \u201cResullah\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fiddetlendi, onu rahats\u0131z etmeyin, elimizde Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 var, bize Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 yeter\u201d derken kimisi de \u201ckalem ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 getirin de yolumuzu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131p sapmam\u0131za mani olacak \u015feyi yazs\u0131n\u201d demi\u015flerdir. Huzurda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n uzamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Efendimiz de onlara \u201c\u00e7\u0131k\u0131n\u201d demi\u015f ve oday\u0131 terk etmelerini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0130mdi konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu olaya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Peygamber Efendimizin vasiyetini yazmak \u00fczere kalem ka\u011f\u0131t istedi\u011fi ki\u015filerden hi\u00e7bir ama hi\u00e7biri bu iste\u011fi garip kar\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da Efendimizin okuma yazma bilip-bilmemesi \u00fczerine de\u011fil \u015fiddetli ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ekip ara s\u0131ra bay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olsa gerek Efendimizi yormama ya da daha farkl\u0131 bir perspektiften bakacak olursak b\u00f6yle bir vasiyete gerek olup-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nSon olarak hilalin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve ay\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 zaman\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 konusunda \u201cBiz \u00fcmmi bir \u00fcmmetiz. Hesap kitap bilmeyiz\u201d (Buhari,Savm,13) <\/strong>\u015feklindeki hadisini Efendimizin okuma yazma bilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir delil olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesidir. A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki \u201chesap kitap bilmeyiz\u201d kayd\u0131 Arap toplumunda kullan\u0131lagelen bir deyimdir. \u0130kinci husus, c\u00fcmlenin zahiri manas\u0131 ya\u015fanan ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yalanl\u0131yor. Evet, o g\u00fcnk\u00fc ehli kitab\u0131n \u0130lahi bir kitaba ve Peygambere sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201c\u00fcmmi\u201d dedi\u011fi Arap toplumu i\u00e7inde okuma yazma oran\u0131 azd\u0131 ama bu Araplar hi\u00e7 hesap kitap yapm\u0131yor demek de\u011fildi. <\/strong>Nas\u0131l olsun ki Yemen-\u015eam ticaret yolunun en \u00f6nemli kav\u015faklar\u0131ndan birinde yer alan Mekke\u2019de nice t\u00fcccarlar vard\u0131, ba\u015fta Mekke\u2019nin kendisi olmak \u00fczere \u00e7evresinde senenin \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcnlerinde nice ticari fuarlar ve panay\u0131rlar d\u00fczenleniyordu. Kur\u2019an\u2019daki miras ayetleri ba\u015ftan sonra hesap kitapla irtibatl\u0131yd\u0131. Ya\u015fanan ger\u00e7eklik c\u00fcmlenin zahiri manas\u0131 yalanl\u0131yor derken kast\u0131m\u0131z buydu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan sebebi v\u00fcrudun kameri ay\u0131n 29 veya 30 oldu\u011fu eksenindeki bir soru oldu\u011fu ve cevab\u0131n bunun \u00fczerine verildi\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131lacak olursa burada \u201cBiz \u00fcmmi bir \u00fcmmetiz\u201d ile \u201cHesap kitap bilmeyiz\u201d c\u00fcmleleri aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurup bunu Efendimizin (sas) okuma-yazma bilmedi\u011fine delil olarak ileri s\u00fcrmenin hi\u00e7bir rasyonel temeli ve dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nBelki irtibat \u015f\u00f6yle kurulabilir; o d\u00f6nemlerde Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ve Efendimizin (sas) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasaklam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cnesi\u201d uygulamas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fckteydi. Nesi, \u201caylar\u0131 ertelemek\u201d, \u201cba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015f zamanlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Arap toplumunun bir uygulamas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/strong> Gerek\u00e7esi de ittifakla kabul etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 sava\u015fman\u0131n yasak olmu\u015f aylarda sava\u015fmakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka gerek\u00e7eler de s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u0130\u015fte nesi\u2019nin hakim oldu\u011fu ve hicretin ancak 10 y\u0131l\u0131nda yasaklanan bu uygulama dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ay\u0131n ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da bitti\u011fi konusunda kafalar s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olabiliyordu. Bu durumda Araplar kahinlere m\u00fcracaat ediyor ve onlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00f6re hareket ediyordu. Efendimiz ihtimal b\u00f6ylesi bir noktada kahinlere, arraflara m\u00fcracaat yerine kameri takvime g\u00f6re aylar\u0131n ya 29 ya da 30 g\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u015flama ve bitme tarihini bilinebilece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNesi uygulamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 siyer tarihinde ge\u00e7en hadiselerin takvimlendirilmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131labilecek problemler vard\u0131r bug\u00fcn \u0130slam ilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle hadiselerin vuku buldu\u011fu tarih \u00fczerinde ittifak\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131n\u0131n en temel nedenlerinden biridir bu. Bu konuda detayl\u0131 bilgi almak isteyenler Mehmet Apayd\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cSiyer Kronolojisi\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya bakabilirler. 2018 Ekim ay\u0131nda Kuramer taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, \u00e7ok uzun ve dakik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan bu eser siyerde cereyan eden hadiselerin tarihlendirilmesine \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nDaha \u00f6nce s\u00f6z verdi\u011fim gibi \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki hafta madde madde yapaca\u011f\u0131m bir \u00f6zet yaz\u0131 ile sonucu yazacak ve bu yaz\u0131 dizisini sonland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131m nasipse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak: TR724<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN Hz. Peygamber\u2019in \u00fcmmili\u011fini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu yaz\u0131 dizisinde s\u0131ra Hudeybiye anla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resulullah\u201d kayd\u0131n\u0131 silmesi i\u00e7in Hz. Ali\u2019ye o c\u00fcmlenin yerini g\u00f6stermesini istedi\u011fi rivayete geldi. Hadise Hudeybiye\u2019de Mekke m\u00fc\u015frikleri ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fman\u0131n kayda al\u0131nmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ge\u00e7er. Hz. Ali anla\u015fma metnini kaleme alan ki\u015fidir. Metnin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda yer alan giri\u015f c\u00fcmlelerinden ikisine m\u00fc\u015frikler itiraz …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,410],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4699"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4706,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions\/4706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}